Flowchart & Pseudocode

Kesimpulan Pokok Tentang Algoritma
 Ø Algoritma harus benar.
 Ø Algoritma harus berhenti,
 Ø Setelah berhenti, algoritma memberikan hasil yang benar.

Cara Penulisan Algoritma
 • Structured English (SE) / Notasi deskriptif
 • Pseudocode
 • Flowchart.

ALGORITHMS AND FLOWCHARTS
• Computer programming can be divided into two phases:
• Problem solving phase
• Make an ordered sequence of steps that solves a problem
• these sequence of steps is called an algorithm
• Implementation phase
• implement using a programming language

Steps in Problem Solving
 • First produce a general algorithm (one can use pseudocode)
 • Refine your steps until you get to an easy sequence. Perhaps use numbers or bullets.
   The point is to simplify.
 • Pseudocode is an artificial and informal language that helps programmers develop
   algorithms.    
   Pseudocode may be an informal english, combinations of computer languages and
   spoken language. Whatever works for you.

Pseudocode Pseudo berarti imitasi atau tiruan atau menyerupai, code menunjuk pada kode program. Sehingga pseudocode adalah kode yang mirip dengan instruksi kode program Pseudocode didasarkan pada bahasa pemrograman sesungguhnya seperti BASIC, FORTRAN, PASCAL.
Apabila Contoh 1 ditulis dalam pseudocode berbasis bahasa BASIC akan tampak seperti pada contoh 3 berikut :

Contoh Pseudocode
1. Start
2. READ alas, tinggi
3. Luas = 0.5 * alas * tinggi
4. PRINT Luas
5. Stop pseudocode diatas berbasis bahasa BASIC

Pseudocode & Algorithm
• Example 1: Write an algorithm to determine a student’s final grade and indicate whether it is passing or failing. The final grade is calculated as the average of four marks.

Pseudocode & Algorithm Pseudocode:
• Input a set of 4 marks
• Calculate their average by summing and dividing by 4
• if average is below 60 Print “FAIL” else Print “PASS”

Pseudocode & Algorithm
• Detailed Algorithm
• Step 1: Input M1,M2,M3,M4
• Step 2: GRADE ¬ (M1+M2+M3+M4)/4
• Step 3: if (GRADE < 60) then Print “FAIL” else Print “PASS” endif.

The Flowchart A Flowchart is another algorithm but graphical.
• shows logic solution • emphasizes individual steps and their interconnections
• A flowchart must have a start and stop
• A steps in a flowchart must connect. Can’t leave a step “hanging” with no connection.
  e.g. control  flow from one action to the next

URL’s for free Flowcharting software :
• www.smartdraw.com 
• www.gliffy.com/uses/flowchart-software/ 
• www.breezetree.com/flowcharting-software/Flowchart Software, FREE Flowchart Examples and Templates
• www.edrawsoft.com/flowchart.php